Environment Analysis..

 Environment Analysis...

                           

Every business runs in environment and every business success & failure also depends upon its environment. Environment means internal and external factors, which directly and indirectly affects business.In Internal factors (management,labour , organization policies ,rules,skill of labours)are included &in external factors (social, political,legal,technological , economic &geographical) factors are included.

                 Environment Analysis is the process of study the internal and external factors where the business is run is studied and what it's impact on the organisation.

                     

Environment Analysis

            In Environment Analysis systematic data is collected and then these data are analysed after analysis these data we come to know what are the available opportunities and what are the threats in environment. Through this analysis manager come to bknow the available opportunities so that he take decision according to that take benefit and he also come to know the threats (danger points ) which affects business negatively so manager become alert and save their business from such threats .No business can get success without analysis his environment where his business run .

           In Internal environment Analysis we analysis the SWOT it includes (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities & Threats).With the SWOT analysis businessmen come to the what are the strengh of business it means what are its plus point in business ,and also come to know Weakness means what is weakness of his business which is hurdle in his success.

             In External Environment Analysis we analysis the PESTLE it means (political,Economical, Social, Technological, legal).In this each factor is deeply analysis and study how and how much these affects business.

Environment Analysis also helps in making strategy (to win over competitors).We make planning to win over the competition in business.

     Through Environment Analysis businessmen come to know the taste, preferences of consumers and produce goods accordingly.Through environment analysis we come to know Government attitude towards business means Government policies,tax rates laws etc ,In social Analysis we come to know the customs ,traditions,festivals which society had to follow so he make product accordingly.

         Thus Environment Analysis examine the internal and external forces of the organisation.In internal components we come to know the strengh & weakness of our organisation and in external forces we come to know what are the opportunities and threats outside the business..

https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/08/business-environment.html?m=1

"Scarce goods attract prices"

 "Scarce good attract prices"

Scarce goods are those goods whose supply is limited and demand is very high , consumer have to pay more money to get them."Scarce goods attract price " due to these reasons:-

😊 Production of scarce goods are limited.

😊 Demand is very high.

😊 Distribution system is poor.

Scarce goods like coal,water, fresh air is produced in limited quantity, oxygen etc.

1) Country exports resources to other countries to earn foreign currency so there is scarcity arises in our country.

2) Highly increase in population but our resources are limited to fulfill the needs of people,so there is scarcity arises.

3)Air is available abundantly but fresh air is scarce due to population.

4)At the time of pandemic (Corona virus) there is shortage of oxygen, demand of oxygen is everywhere so oxygen is scarce,so oxygen is provided at very high prices.

             

Scarcity of Oxygen

5)Poor distribution of resources also arise scarcity of resources.Due to poor distribution traders hide resources to create artificial scarcity and charge high prices.

6)At the time of pandemic Corona vaccine is not enough for each individual to be vaccinated this is scarcity.

7) Depletion of forest arise the scarcity of wood in order to built new houses furniture.

8) Wastage of water unnecessary or increase in population there is scarcity of pure water arises.

9)Land is scarce because this is available in limited quantity so land have very high prices.

10) Labour is available abundantly but skillfully,educated labour is limited,so labour is scarce.

       Due to highly increasing in population resources are depleted fastly and trees cut so there is scarcity arises due to limited quantity because scarce resources cannot fulfill the needs of all the people So "Scarce goods attract price".



  "दुर्लभ वस्तुएं कीमतों को आकर्षित करती हैं"

  दुर्लभ वस्तुएँ वे वस्तुएँ होती हैं जिनकी आपूर्ति सीमित होती है और माँग बहुत अधिक होती है, उन्हें प्राप्त करने के लिए उपभोक्ता को अधिक धन देना पड़ता है। दुर्लभ वस्तुएँ इन कारणों से कीमत आकर्षित करती हैं:

 😊 दुर्लभ वस्तुओं का उत्पादन सीमित है।

  😊मांग बहुत अधिक है।

😊  वितरण प्रणाली खराब है।

  😊कोयला, पानी, ताजी हवा जैसी दुर्लभ वस्तुओं का उत्पादन सीमित मात्रा में, ऑक्सीजन आदि में होता है।

  1) देश विदेशी मुद्रा अर्जित करने के लिए अन्य देशों को संसाधनों का निर्यात करता है इसलिए हमारे देश में कमी पैदा होती है।

  2) जनसंख्या में अत्यधिक वृद्धि लेकिन हमारे संसाधन लोगों की जरूरतों को पूरा करने के लिए सीमित हैं, इसलिए कमी पैदा होती है।

  3) हवा प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है लेकिन आबादी के कारण ताजी हवा दुर्लभ है।

  4) महामारी (कोरोना वायरस) के समय ऑक्सीजन की कमी है, ऑक्सीजन की मांग हर जगह है इसलिए ऑक्सीजन की कमी है, इसलिए बहुत अधिक कीमतों पर ऑक्सीजन प्रदान की जाती है।

  ऑक्सीजन की कमी

  5) संसाधनों का खराब वितरण भी संसाधनों की कमी पैदा करता है। खराब वितरण के कारण व्यापारी कृत्रिम कमी पैदा करने और उच्च कीमत वसूलने के लिए संसाधनों को छिपाते हैं।

  ६) महामारी के समय प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को टीका लगवाने के लिए कोरोना वैक्सीन पर्याप्त नहीं है, यह कमी है।

  7) नए घरों के फर्नीचर के निर्माण के लिए जंगल की कमी लकड़ी की कमी पैदा करती है।

  8) पानी की अनावश्यक बर्बादी या आबादी बढ़ने से शुद्ध पानी की कमी हो जाती है।

  9) भूमि दुर्लभ है क्योंकि यह सीमित मात्रा में उपलब्ध है इसलिए भूमि की कीमत बहुत अधिक है।

  १०) श्रम प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है लेकिन कुशलता से, शिक्षित श्रम सीमित है, इसलिए श्रम दुर्लभ है।

  जनसंख्या में अत्यधिक वृद्धि के कारण संसाधन तेजी से समाप्त हो जाते हैं और पेड़ कट जाते हैं इसलिए सीमित मात्रा के कारण कमी उत्पन्न होती है क्योंकि डरावने संसाधन सभी लोगों की जरूरतों को पूरा नहीं कर सकते हैं इसलिए "दुर्लभ सामान कीमत को आकर्षित करते हैं"

Techniques of planning..

 Planning is decided in advance what is to be done in future.In planning management doing overall planning for eg- how much raw material is required,how much capital is required,how much labour is required etc.. For doing planning manager use planning techniques these are...

1) Forecasting.

2) Budgets.

3) Break- Even Analysis.

4) Linear Programming.

5) Waiting line.

6) Network techniques: PERT/CPM.

7) Theory of Probability.

               

Techniques of planning

          Techniques of planning..

1) Forecasting -Forecasting is predicts the future events in present.It is the most important technique of planning, through forecasting we predicts the future.Manager predicts what is likely to be happen in future,so they will prepare according to that and make plan accordingly.

     Forecasting provide base for making planning and make plan for materials, personnel and other requirements.Forecasting is base on guess work and past & present conditions.Manager continuously monitor the environment before forecasting is done.Forecasting can be perform into two categories:-a) Quantitative b) Qualitative.

a) Quantitative forecasting- When the forecasting is perform on basis of past data &figures is called Quantitative forecasting.

b) Qualitative Forecasting- When the forecasting is perform on the basis of judgement and knowledge of people is called Qualitative Forecasting.

                             

Forecasting..

2) Budgets-Budgets is also for planning.In budget we showing the expected expenses and expected incomes of future through we come to know how much we spend in various resources and and how much expected capital expenditure and how much expected income in future . Manager make planning according to the budget.

3) Break-Even Analysis-It is widely used technique in planning.Through Break-Even Analysis we come to know how much units to be sold to cover the costs.Break -Even point is that point in which we come to know where the total costs equals to the total revenue.

Break-Even Analysis helps in planning in such a way..

*Through BEP we make planning how much units should we sold to cover costs.

*BEP helps in fix the price of units.

4) Network technique PERT/CPM -PERT /CPM are also Network techniques which is useful in planning, decision making and controlling.PERT  is Programming Evaluation and Review Technique and CPM is Critical Path Method.Through PERT technique every project is evaluated like what are the activities needed to complete the project.Its sequence of activities in project,how much cost and time associated in each activity and what are the expected obstacles in the project.Manager also monitor progress of the project.

VPM-Critical path method technique is used to Analysis the time of project .This technique helps in identify critical and non- critical tasks and avoid risks.

5) Queuing Theory-Queue - A line of people awaiting for their turn . Queuing theory is the mathematical study of queue .This technique provides badis of decision making about the resources needed to provide services.Queuing Theory helps in planning in this way👇

 1)To find out the cost of offering the service.

2) To find out the cost incurred due to delay in offering the service

3)To allocate the resources.

6) Theory of Probability-Theory of probability also helps in planning and decision making.Through this techniques managers use statistics to know the probability of risk in future plan and according to that probability make pattern of future plan.

Read this article of Planning..

https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/08/financial-planning.html

https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/05/planning-process.html

https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/05/business-planning.html

Communication Network techniques..

           

Communication Network techniques

Communication Network means pattern of communication which exists in organisation, pattern of communication depends upon need of organisation & attitude of superior towards subordinates.

1) Chain Network- Chain Network communication is one in which communication flow in a vertical line.It is usually two way communication.In this network communication flow from top to bottom and bottom to top in vertical line.In this network one cannot directly contact with other.

                     

Chain Network

2) Circular Network-Circular Network is that network in which communication flow in a circular way.In this network communication pass through immediate right or left person not any other person.According to figure A can communicate with B and E not C.B can communicate with C and A.etc.In this network communication flow in circular form.

                

Circular Network

3)Wheel Network or Star Network-Wheel or Star Network is that network in which organisation do not communicate directly.they communicate with one superior or manager, Manager act as a central hub of the wheel.for eg- D can  communicate with B with the help of central hub they can not communicate directly ,A can communicate with C with the help of central hub (manager or supperier)..

                

Wheel or Star Network.

4) Free Flow or decentralised Network-In this network communication flow freely,there is no        restriction on the flow of communication.Members can communicate any other member freely.This is informal Network which not flow in formal lines .

Formal &Informal Communication 

Formal Communication
Formal Communication is that communication Network in which communication flow in formally established channels.In formal Communication communication travels in lines of authority like top to bottom & bottom to top.it is established by the Management and whole organisation must follow this formal chain in communication.

Informal Communication

Informal Communication
 Communication is that communication network which is not flow in formally established lines .it is not regulated by the formal rules and procedures.it is flow in any direction it is not establish by management.it is establish by the nature of people to socialise and communicate with others like Grapevine

Directing Management function...

 Directing...

                             

Directing Management function..

                               

Directing means to show direction to the workers so that they can achieve their goals efficiently and effectively. It is the process in which manager gives instructions about how work should be done and motivates them in achieving organisational goals.

           In Direction those activities are included which guide, encourage the subordinates in their work.Directing is the process of providing direction to reach in the destination (organization goals). Without directing function each worker perfom work in their own way so there is difficulty in maintain discipline.

               In Management managers join hands to achieve organisational goals.,for this purpose they plan,organise,direct, control resources to achieve specific goals that's why directing function is very important in every management,so the work is perform according to organisational plans.

Directing is provided in many ways...

1) Issuing orders

2) Motivating subordinates

3) Supervision in overall manner

4) Time to time communication with subordinates

          Elements of Directing...

a) Supervision-It means see the progress of subordinates in their routine work and if there is any fault guide them for improvement,it is face to face contact between superior and workers.

b) Leadership-It refers to influence others in such a manner to do work what the leader want them to do.Leadership is the process by which an executive can direct guide and influence the behaviour of work of others towards the accomplishment of specific goal.Leadership is the ability of manager to induce the subordinates work with confidence.

c) Motivation- Motivation is also one of the most important element of directing,in Motivation superior encourage subordinates in performing work in best way .They motivates subordinates through monetary and non-monetary incentives.

         
 Highlights of Directing....

  

1) Directing encourage action..

2) Perfom continuously.

3) Perfomed in every level .

4) Directing flow from top to bottom.

5) Performance oriented.

6 ) Facilitate control.

7) Motivate Employees.

8) Effective utilisation of resources.

9) Helps in maintain discipline...

  Business Risk Arises due to Pandemic...

                      

                         Fear of Corona..

                                

Due to Pandemic situation all the business are very much affected, due to this many risks are arises on business these are...

1) Online business is run rapidly-Due to Pandemic situation people not go outside and purchase the goods due to the fear of corona and follow social distance rule they like online business just give order and get their product at home .So other business are very much affected.They have no buyer to buy their products.Online business run rapidly.

2) Risk of Unsold stock of goods-Due to Pandemic buyers not go outside and purchase the goods so the stock of goods remains unsold lying with sellers.

3) Risk of block of capital- Due to not sold of goods risk of block of  capital in stock .So  traders not have sufficient cash in hand to make payment like interest payment of loan , payment for stock purchase, salary payment etc due to insufficient cash trader had to take loan for day to day expenses.Due to Pandemic financial risk are much arises.

4) Risk of No rotation of money-Pandemic leads to decrease sales so their is no cash in traders hand .Due to decrease in sale money rotation is stopped.So every businessmen is in great difficulty,and take heavy stress.

                       

                  Risks Arises due to Pandemic..

महामारी के कारण जोखिम उठा ...

 महामारी की स्थिति के कारण सभी व्यवसाय बहुत अधिक प्रभावित होते हैं, इसके कारण व्यापार पर कई जोखिम उत्पन्न होते हैं ...

 1) ऑनलाइन व्यापार तेजी से चलाया जाता है-महामारी की स्थिति के कारण लोग बाहर नहीं जाते हैं और कोरोना के डर के कारण सामान खरीदते हैं और सामाजिक दूरी के नियम का पालन करते हैं, वे ऑनलाइन व्यापार को केवल ऑर्डर देना चाहते हैं और घर पर अपना उत्पाद प्राप्त करते हैं। अन्य व्यवसाय बहुत हैं।  बहुत प्रभावित हुए। उनके पास अपने उत्पादों को खरीदने के लिए कोई खरीदार नहीं है। व्यापार तेजी से चलता है।

 2) सामानों के अनसोल्ड स्टॉक का जोखिम-महामारी के कारण खरीदार बाहर जाकर सामान नहीं खरीदते हैं, इसलिए सामानों का स्टॉक विक्रेताओं के पास पड़ा रहता है।

 3) पूँजी के ब्लॉक का जोखिम- स्टॉक में पूँजी के ब्लॉक के माल के जोखिम के कारण नहीं बेचा जाता है। कुछ व्यापारियों के पास पर्याप्त नकदी नहीं होती है ताकि वे ऋण का ब्याज भुगतान, स्टॉक खरीद के लिए भुगतान, वेतन भुगतान आदि अपर्याप्त होने के कारण भुगतान कर सकें।  नकद व्यापारी को दिन-प्रतिदिन के खर्च के लिए ऋण लेना पड़ता था। महामारी के कारण वित्तीय जोखिम बहुत अधिक उत्पन्न होते हैं।

 ४) पैसों की कोई रोटेशन के जोखिम-महामारी ने बिक्री को कम करने की ओर ले जाता है, इसलिए व्यापारियों के हाथ में कोई नकदी नहीं है। बिक्री में कमी के कारण पैसे के रोटेशन को रोक दिया जाता है। इसलिए हर व्यवसायी बड़ी मुश्किल में है, और भारी तनाव ले रहा है।

"अच्छा भाग्य, अच्छी योजना का परिणाम है। " Good luck is the result of good planning.."

           "अच्छा भाग्य अच्छी योजना का परिणाम है"

अच्छा भाग्य अच्छी योजना से मिलता है कई लोग बस भाग्य के भरोसे बैठे रहते हैं कि अगर भाग्य में होगा तो मिलेगा कोई मेहनत नहीं करते लेकिन बिना मेहनत के कुछ भी नहीं मिलता किसी भी काम में सफलता हासिल करने के लिए हमें पूरी योजना बनानी पड़ती है उस योजना पर चलना होता है तब हमें अच्छा भाग्य मिलता है अर्थात तात्पर्य यह है कि अच्छा भाग्य बनाने में हमारे खुद का हाथ है हमारी खुद की मेहनत है उदाहरण के लिए जैसे बहुत गरीब लड़का मजदूरी करके जैसे तैसे अपना पेट पालता है फिर योजना बनाकर बहुत मेहनत करता है कठिन परिश्रम करता है पढ़ाई में दिन रात एक करता है और एक दिन एक बड़ा व्यापारी बनकर अपना भाग्य बदल देता है योजना  बनाकर कठिन परिश्रम कर हम अपने भाग्य को बदल सकते हैं बस जरूरत है तो अच्छी योजना की और उस पर अमल करने की.

       "अच्छा भाग्य अच्छी योजना का परिणाम है"


अच्छा भाग्य अच्छी योजना का परिणाम है इसके दो पहलू हैं दूसराा पहलू है की अच्छा भाग्य बुरा भाग्य नसीब से मिलता है अच्छा भाग्य होनेे स मनुष्य बड़े कुल में जन्मम लेता जहां उसे सब सुख सुविधाएं होती हैं इसके विपरीत अगर भाग्य अच्छा नहींं है ,वह गरीब घर मेंं जन्म लेता है जहां उसे दो वक्तत का खाना भी नसीब नहीं होता है, हमाारी आगेे की योजना भाग्य के अनुसार निर्धारित होती है, जैसी बड़े घर में जन्म लेने वाला सब सुख सुविधाओं होने पर उसकी आगेे की योजना उसे उससे और ऊपर उठने की होती है, इसके विपरीत एक गरीब की योजना बस दोो वक्त रोटी की और पक्क्का मकान बनाने की होती है अर्थात योजना भाग्यय के अनुसार निर्धारित होती है, लेकिन भाग्य को अच्छा बनानेे में हमारा खुद का हाथ होता हैअगर हम कर्मशील होकर दिन रात मेहनत करते हैं कठोर परिश्रम करतेे हैं तभी हम अपने भाग्य को सौभाग्य्य में परिवर्तित कर सकते हैं.

Planning process https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/05/planning-process.html

Business Planning https://commerceclasses86.blogspot.com/2020/05/business-planning.html